Everything about Gladstonian Liberalism totally explained
Gladstonian Liberalism is a political doctrine named after the
British Victorian Prime Minister and leader of the
Liberal Party,
William Ewart Gladstone. Gladstonian Liberalism consisted of limited government expenditure and low taxation whilst making sure government had balanced budgets. Gladstonian Liberalism also emphasised
free trade, little government intervention in the economy and
equality of opportunity through institutional reform.
Gladstonian financial rectitude had a partial lasting impact on British politics and the historian
John Vincent contends that under
Lord Salisbury's premiership, he "left Britain's low tax, low cost, low growth economy, with its Gladstonian finance and its free trade dogmas, and no conscript army, exactly as he'd found it...Salisbury reigned, but Gladstone ruled."
However in the early twentieth-century the Liberal Party began to move away from Gladstonian Liberalism and instead developed new policies based on
New Liberalism (or what Gladstone called "constructionism"). The Liberal government of 1906-1914 is noted for its social reforms and these included
old age pensions and
National Insurance. Taxation and public expenditure was also increased and New Liberal ideas led to
David Lloyd George's
People's Budget of 1909-10.
The first
Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Philip Snowden, had Gladstonian Liberal economic views. This was demonstrated in his first
Budget in 1924; government expenditure was curtailed, taxes were lowered and
duties on tea, coffee, cocoa and sugar were reduced.
A. J. P. Taylor has written that this budget "would have delighted the heart of Gladstone."
Ernest Bevin remarked upon becoming Minister of Labour in 1940: "They say that Gladstone was at the
Treasury from 1860 to 1930".
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